华艳 邱晓 赵娟 胡乐星 王瑜元 高天昊 陆蓉蓉 陈婵 孙莉敏 白玉龙

摘 要 目的:通过对1例甲基丙二酸血症患者的康复治疗,探讨该病的康复治疗方法及其注意事项。方法:在康复治疗宣传、教育和饮食、药物治疗的基础上,采用常规康复治疗方法联合下肢康复机器人训练和重复经颅磁刺激治疗对患者进行综合康复治疗,并分别采用《Berg平衡量表》《功能性步行能力量表》和Barthel指数来评估患者治疗前后的平衡功能、步行能力和日常活动能力。结果:经6个月治疗,患者的平衡功能、步行能力和日常活动能力均较治疗前明显改善。结论:对稳定期甲基丙二酸血症患者,综合康复治疗可显着改善患者的运动功能和日常生活自理能力,但康复训练应循序渐进,合理控制运动量,同时定期复查患者的相关指标值,避免其病情加重或反复。

关键词 甲基丙二酸血症 康复治疗 治疗

中图分类号:R589.9; R493 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2019)19-0014-03

Rehabilitation therapy for patients with methylmalonic acidemia*

HUA Yan**, QIU Xiao, ZHAO Juan, HU Lexing, WANG Yuyuan, GAO Tianhao, LU Rongrong, CHEN Chan, SUN Limin, BAI Yulong***(Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the rehabilitation therapy for patients with methylmalonic acidemia. Methods: Based on education, diet and medicine therapies, comprehensive rehabilitation therapy of the patients was performed by the combination of conventional rehabilitation, lower limb rehabilitation robot and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and balance function, walking function and activities of daily living were evaluated by Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulation Category Scale and Barthel Index, respectively. Results: After 6 months treatment, the balance function, walking ability and daily living ability of the patient were significantly improved than before. Conclusion: For patients with stable methylmalonic acidemia, comprehensive rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve their motor function and self-care ability in daily life, but exercise should be go on step by step and reasonably. At the same time, relevant indicators should be periodically reviewed to avoid aggravation or recurrence of the disease.

KEy WORDS methylmalonic acidemia; rehabilitation therapy; treatment

甲基丙二酸血症(methylmalonic acidemia, MMA)是一种常染色体隐性遗传的有机酸血症,是先天性有机酸代谢异常中的最常见类型(占50% ~ 60%),我国大陆地区儿童的发病率约为1例/3.7万人[1]。此外,有部分慢性胃肠或肝胆疾病、小儿维生素B12吸收障碍综合征、母源性维生素B12缺乏患者和长期素食者会继发MMA。 MMA的临床表现各异,且新生儿期至成人期均可发病,其中早发型多于1岁内发病,迟发型多在4岁后出现症状[2-3]。轻度MMA无或仅有轻微症状,但严重MMA的病情危重,甚至可致患者死亡。临床上常通过气相色谱-质谱法检测尿、血或脑脊液中的有机酸含量,或者通过串联质谱法检测血中的丙酰肉碱含量来确诊MMA[4]。基因检测是明确MMA分型的最可靠依据。根据是否合并同型半胱氨酸血症,MMA被分为合并型和单纯型两型。MMA的治疗方法主要有饮食治疗、药物治疗和肝-肾移植术[5-6]等。稳定期MMA患者因常有运动功能障碍、张力增高、协调功能异常、平衡功能异常、扁平足、视觉障碍、听觉障碍和深浅感觉障碍等功能障碍,故对他们进行康复治疗十分重要[7]。本文通过对1例迟发型MMA患者肢体功能的康复治疗,探讨该病的康复治疗方法及其注意事项。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

一患者,男性,16岁,2018年4月12日因“双下肢活动不便且进行性加重4个月”被收入我院康复医学科。2017年12月18日,该患者在家中无明显诱因突然摔倒,后下肢无力感逐渐加重致行走困难。2018年1月29日,患者因“痉挛性截瘫”被收入我院神经内科接受治疗。入院后完善相关检查,其中气相色谱-质谱法检测提示:患者尿液中的甲基丙二酸和甲基枸橼酸水平明显升高;串联质谱法检测提示:外周血中的丙酰肉碱水平升高;脑电图检查发现:脑波慢化。另外,检查显示,患者外周血中的同型半胱氨酸水平(138.2 μmol/L)升高、维生素B12水平(193.4 pg/ml)降低。但头颅、颈胸腰椎磁共振成像和磁共振血管造影检查以及脑脊液常规和生化、肝和肾功能检查等均未见明显异常。综合考虑患者为合并型MMA。给予左卡尼汀纠正继发性低肉碱血症、巴氯芬降低肌张力、B族维生素(维生素B1、B6和B12)营养神经、多奈哌齐和奥拉西坦改善认知功能等对症支持治疗。现患者主要存在双下肢肌力下降、肌张力增高和不能独立站立等问题。为作进一步康复治疗,患者于2018年4月12日被收入我院康复医学科。发病期间,患者饮食、睡眠可,大、小便正常。

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*基金项目:上海市科学技术委员会科研项目(17511107802)

**作者简介:华艳,住院医师。研究方向:脑卒中后康复治疗。E-mail: 1521051653@qq.com

***通信作者:白玉龙,教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向:神经系统疾病康复治疗的临床与基础研究。E-mail: dr_baiyl@fudan.edu.cn