许国耀 彭夫松 涂银萍 孙春荣
[关键词] 呼吸道感染;流感;流行病学;特征分析
[中图分类号] R183.1;R511.7 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）19-0152-04
Epidemiological characteristics of patients with influenza in a hospital from 2017 to 2020
XU Guoyao1 PENG Fusong1 TU Yinping2 SUN Chunrong2
1.Department of Geriatrics， Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University， Beijing 100022， China; 2.Department of Infection， Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University， Beijing 100022， China
[Abstract] Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of patients with influenza in a hospital from 2017 to 2020， and to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategy. Methods The clinical data of outpatients in Infection Department of a district hospital from November 2017 to February 2020 （the month of influenza pandemic） were collected for retrospective analysis. Results ①The detection rate of influenza virus in different age groups was the highest in 40-60 years old group （54.71%）， followed by 20-39 years old group （36.02%） and over 60 years old group （29.98%）， and the lowest was <20 years old group （4.89%）. ②The number of cases positive for influenza virus in February 2020 was 50 （2.91）， which was 970 （38.86） and 883 （41.38） respectively in February 2018 and February 2019， with statistically significant differences （P<0.001）.③In comparison of the positive rate of influenza virus in the first six weeks from January to February in 2018-2020， there was no significant difference in the positive rate of influenza virus between the first week to the second week （P>0.05）; there were significant differences in the positive rate of influenza virus among the 3rd week， the 4th week， the 5th week and the 6th week （P<0.001）; the number of cases positive for influenza virus in the 3rd-6th week of 2020 showed a significant decreasing trend [866 （53.33）， 402 （34.87）， 70 （12.70）， 20（4.09）]. Conclusion Compared with 2017-2018 and 2018-2019， the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in 2019-2020 are significantly different. Taking the preventive measures such as wearing masks and home quarantine can significantly reduce the incidence rate of influenza.
[Key words] Respiratory tract infection; Influenza; Epidemiology; Characteristic analysis
流感病毒是引起人类发生的急性呼吸道传染病，其通过呼吸道飞沫传播，扩散速度极快，且极易发生抗原漂移和转变等变异，因此，每年流感都会发生不同规模的暴发和流行，在全球造成严重的疾病负担，更为甚者引起严重社会恐慌、经济损失[1]。流感病毒属正黏病毒科，核酸为单股负链RNA的包膜病毒。根据病毒颗粒表面核蛋白NP与基质蛋白M1，可分为甲、乙、丙型三大类。甲型与乙型流感病毒是引起人类呼吸道疾病的主要病原体。由于流感病毒的高度可变性和不可确定性，流感防控面临诸多挑战。监测是预防和控制流感的关键策略[2]。本研究通过对跨年度近3年来北京市朝阳区某医院感染科就诊的流感患者情况分析，探讨其流行特征，为区域性流感病毒的预防控制提供参考依据，现报道如下。
