李馥萍
〔关键词〕 过去分词；定语；表语；状语
〔中图分类号〕 G633.41〔文献标识码〕 B
〔文章编号〕 1004—0463（2009）07（A）—0055—01
过去分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语等成分，分析近年来的英语高考试题，过去分词一直是考查的热点和难点。现就过去分词在句子中所充当的成分，在高考试题中的考点例析如下：
1. 作定语
单个的过去分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动或完成意义。过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
【考例】“_________things never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（2007年湖南）
A. ＬostB. ＬosingC. Ｔo loseD. Ｈave lost
【点拨】答案是A项。所填部分应看成一个定语从句，修饰things，该句可转化为：Things which are lost never come again.
2. 作表语
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态，即主语的某种感受， 因此主语一般是人或物。过去分词作表语最常见的有surprised， pleased， tired， interested， crowded， delighted等词。
【考例】Please remain_________until the plane has come to a complete stop.（2007年山东）
A. to seatB. to be seatedC. seatingD. seated
【点拨】答案是D项。此句表状态，意思是：请坐在座位上，直到飞机安全停下来。
3. 作状语
过去分词作状语修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况，可放在句中、句前和句后。在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随条件、让步等，相当于状语从句。
（1）相当于原因状语从句
【考例】_________from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （2005年湖北）
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
【点拨】答案是C项。从for millions of years我们可知要用完成时态，句子的主语是Australia，很明显从句的意思是:因为Australia已经和其他的大陆分割了数百万年之久。在这句话里过去分词相当于一个原因状语从句，可以改为：As Australia has been separated from other continents for millions of years.
（2）相当于条件状语从句
【考例】_________with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（2004年 湖北）
A. CompareB. When comparing
C. ComparingD. When compared
【点拨】答案是D项。很明显从句的主语是the biggest ocean。Ｃompared相当于一个条件状语从句，从句可以变化为:When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth.
（3）相当于时间状语从句
【考例】_________into use in April 2000，the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.（2005年上海）
A. ＰutB. Ｐutting
C. Having putD. Being put
【点拨】答案是A项。很明显从句的主语是the hotline，从句可以转化为：When the hotline was put into use in April 2000.
（4）相当于让步状语从句
【考例】No matter how frequently_________，the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.（2006年全国）
A. performed B. performing
C. to be performedD. being performed
【点拨】答案是A项。很明显从句的主语是the works of Beethoven，从句可以转化为：No matter how （=however）frequently the works of Beethoven was performed.
（5）伴随状语
【考例】The murderer was brought in，with his hands_________behind his back. （2006年 全国）
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tiedD. tied
【点拨】答案是D项。句意为：杀人犯被押进来了，他的双手被反绑在背后。with his hands tied behind his back是伴随状语。伴随状语通常是说明主语的心情或状态的，因此有的可以改成定语从句修饰主语，有的可以改为并列句，这句话可以改为：The murderer，whose hands were tied behind his back，was brought in./The murderer was brought in and his hands were tied behind his back.
