非谓语动词语法 第1篇

一、 动词不定式

1、 构成:动词不定式基本形式为: to+动词原形。有些动词不定式不带to。

否定形式为:not (to)+动词原形。

2、功能及用法:

(1)、用作主语

多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如:

For him, to talk with his mother is is necessary for him to talk with his

(2)、用作表语

动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。常可转换成主语。如:

The best way to improve your English is to join an English join an English club is the best way to improve your

(3)、用作宾语

★可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),宁可拒绝假装知道(prefer, refuse, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want/need, would like / love)等。如:

We decided to talk to some

He prefers to eat white bread and

★动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell…后可用“疑问词+to的不定式短语”作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。如:

Could you please tell me where to park my car?

★动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语—动词不定式,句子结构是 feel / find / make / …+ it+ / +to do…如:

I find it difficult to remember

★既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。如:

Then I started to watch English-language

I like to eat

★后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接ving形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事;stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事。try to do尽力做,try doing试试看;go on to do接着做另外的事,go on doing继续做原来的事。如:

When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with

I stopped using them last

(4)、用作定语

★句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时,用动词不定式的主动式。如:

I have so much homework to do

It’s a good place to

★作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加适当的介词。如:

I need a room to live

(5)、用作补语

★在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有:要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise),期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage),教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want),等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如:

She asked me not to speak Chinese in English

★下列动词,多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,当动词不定式作补语时,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句里要将省略的to补上。包括四“看”:look at, observe, see, watch,三“让”:have, let, make,二“听”:hear, listen to,一“感觉”:feel,一“注意”:notice。如:

This picture makes me feel tense! I was made to say sorry to

★help后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带。如:

Using email English helps you write

★be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如:

He doesn’t seem to have many

Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near

(6)、用作状语, 其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。

★目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。如:

A group of young people came here to(in order to) discuss this

★原因状语,多见于“+be++to do…”结构句中。如:

I’m sorry to trouble I’m glad to see

★结果状语,多见于“too…to”,“enough to…”结构句中。如:

Then I’m too tired to do What should I do?

The room needs to be big enough for three people to live

★独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如:

To be honest, I only eat food that tastes

To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every

(7)、动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of to do ”,for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

不定式复合结构作主语时,需注意:

It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do 前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,不说明人的特性。如:It’s dangerous for children to swim in the

当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时,用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人:careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise,bad, polite, careless

如:It’s very nice of you to say

(8)、带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。如:

I don’t know what to do

Where to go is not decided

单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句,在复合句中则可变为一个从句。

What to do next? =What will we / you do next?

Can you tell me how to do that?=Can you tell me how I should do that?

(9)、动词不定式的否定式

不定式的否定式是not to do…,不带to的不定式的否定式是not do…如:

Sometimes they decide not to talk to each

(10)常见的与不定式连用的词组和句型。

Why not do…?=Why don’t you do …? had better (not) do …

would rather do … prefer to do rather than do

Could/Would/Will you please…? It takes sb +时间/金钱+ to do

It’ s time to do… It’ s one’s turn to…

如: Why not take a holiday?

It takes me an hour to walk

二、 动名词

1、构成: 动词原形+ing

2、功能及用法:

动名词除具有动词的性质外,还具有名词的性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等,但不能用作谓语。

(1)。用作主语, 谓语动词用单数。如:

Eating too much is bad for your

注意:动名词作主语经常采用it作形式主语的句型。

It’s no use 哭没有什么用处。

(2)。用作表语,可转换成主语。如:

Her favorite sport is =Skating is her favorite

注意:不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语,区别是:动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念,而不定式则多指具体的、一次性的动作。

(3)。用作宾语,放在动词或介词之后。如:

She likes singing and

Thank you for helping

(4)。用作定语,位于所修饰词之前,表示所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。如:

This is our reading

Betty won the first prize in the singing

★英语中,某些动词(或形容词)只能与ing形式即动名词连用。

一直忙于练习,(keep, be busy,practice,)

想要继续完成,(feel like, keep on, finish,)

习惯期待花费,(be used to, look forward to, spend)

介意考虑放弃,(mind, consider, give up)

禁不住麻烦怎么样(can’t help, have trouble/problems (in), what/how about)

建议喜欢开心 (suggest , enjoy, have fun )

★还有一些结构:

do+some+doing 如: do some cooking/ shopping / cleaning/ washing/ reading/

go+doing 如: go shopping/ fishing / swimming/ skating/ boating/ hiking / sightseeing

no use (good) doing sth 做……没用 如: It’s no good

without+dong sth 没有做…… 如:。 She kept sitting there without talking to

no+dong …禁止,不准 如:No parking!

pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 如: You must pay attention to protecting him。

put one’s effort into doing sth 全力以赴做某事

如:If you put your effort into learning English, you will improve

三、 分词

考点聚焦

1、构成:英语中的分词有两种:现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词由“动词+ing”构成,表示正在进行和主动意义。过去分词基本形式是“动词+ed”,表示已经完成和被动意义,但也有不规则形式。

2、功能及用法

(1)。作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词,并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。

前置定语 如:What exciting news it is!

后置定语 如: Do you know the girl sitting under the tree?

There comes a girl dressed in

(2)。作表语 分词作表语,相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征,含有“令人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态,含有“某人感到……的”意思。如:

The story was very interesting . I was interested in the

(3)。作补语

现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词作补足语,宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。

分词通常用在see,hear, watch,notice,feel,find等感官动词或have,get,make等使役动词的宾语之后,补充说明宾语的动作或状态。过去分词在动词have,get之后作宾语补足语时,常常表示这动作不是由主语完成的,而是由别人完成的。如:

I found the boy crying in the (主谓关系,正在进行)

I want to have my hair cut/ have my bike repaired/ get my ears (被动)

★现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语在意义上有所不同。现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行,即动作处在发生过程中,还没有结束;而不定式作宾语补足语表示经常性的动作或动作的全过程。如:

I saw him going (分词,正在发生)

I see him go out every (不定式,经常性动作)

I heard him knock three 是的,我听见他敲了三下。(不定式,全过程)

(4)。作状语,表时间、原因、伴随、结果、让步、方式等。

现在分词作状语,一般句子主语就是分词的主语。

Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood (= When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood )(时间状语,主动)

Not knowing what to do about it,I asked my teacher for (原因状语,主动)

The teaher came in, followed by his (伴随状语,被动)

非谓语动词语法 第2篇

非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。

不定式:做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主语)

学会一门外语是很难的。

It’s easy to see their (作真正主语,it做形式主语)

很容易见到他们的姑姑。

Tom wanted to have a cup of (作宾语)

汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。

His wish is to be a (作表语)

他的愿望是当一名司机。

I have nothing to (作定语)

我没有什么可说的。

The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作宾语补足语)

老师让我们做早操。

They went to see their (目的状语)

他们去见他们的姑姑。

动名词:做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。

Learning English is very difficult .(作主语)

学英语非常困难。

I enjoy (作动词宾语)

我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the (作介词宾语)

我已经习惯了住农村。

His job is driving a (作表语)

他的工作是开车。

现在分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语。

The story is

这个故事有趣。

He sat there,reading a (作状语)

他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。

The area being studied may be rich in (作定语)

这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

He saw the thief stealing some money from the (作宾补)

他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。

过去分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语。

He is interested in the (作表语)

他对这则消息很感兴趣。

polluted river(做定语)

被污染的河流

Given more time,I can do my work (做状语)

如果再被多给些时间,我会把工作做得更好。

I found my watch (做宾补)

我发现我的手表被偷了。

非谓语动词语法 第3篇

①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)

②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)

③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)

④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)

⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)

⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)

The teacher told us to do morning 老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the 老师进来时,她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have 据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been 据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。

非谓语动词语法 第4篇

动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good (, 动名词起名词作用)

爬山是一项好运动。

Do you know the man wearing a white (wearing 分词起形容词作用)

你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?

He gets up early to catch the first (to catch 不定式起副词作用)

他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:

2) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us

玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)

came to our classroom to have a talk with us last

维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。

(to have a 不定式作状语)

3) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Larke likes the pop

拉克喜欢流行音乐。

(动词用单数第三人称形式)

Larke has nothing to do

拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)

非谓语动词的特征:

2 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my

学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)

To help him is my

帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)

3 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is

在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。

(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)

It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short

他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。

(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)

4 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting

对不起让你久等了。

(to have 是不定式的完成形式)

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more

从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。

(Seen 是分词的被动形式)

5 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him

我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)

There are two big swimming pools

?

这儿有两个大型游泳池。

(swimming 起形容词作用)

非谓语动词的形式变化:

不 定 式 主动 被 动

一 般to write to be written

进 行to be writing/

完 成to have writtento have been written

完成进行 to have been writing/

现在分词主动 被 动

一般writingbeing written

完成having written having been written

过 去 分词 一般written

动 名 词 主动 被 动

一般 writing being written

完成 having written having been written

动 名 词

动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成,同现在分词形式一样,在句中可作主语, 宾语,表语和定语。

1) 动名词作主语:

Talking like that is not

那样谈话不礼貌。

Learning1 from others is important .

向别人学习很重要。

Putting on more clothes is not so good .

多穿衣服不一定好。

动名词可以象动词不定式一样,用 it 先行祠代替, 而把动名词写在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go

在这儿等着也没用,我们回家吧。

It's very difficult climbing this

爬这座山很困难。

2) 动名词作表语

The nurse's job is looking after the

护士的工作是护理病人。

Seeing is

眼见为实。

3) 动名词作宾语

有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss,

Please stop smoking2 in the

请不要在家里抽烟。

I like reading in the

我喜欢在树林里读书。

Do you mind my opening the windows?

你介意我打开窗户吗?

She is found of collecting

她喜欢集邮。

动名词作定语

She is studying in the reading

她在阅览室学习。

He slept in the sleeping

他在睡袋里睡觉。

动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词

He pretend3 not knowing it at

他假装全然不知。

We considered not doing it

我们考虑现在不做这件事 。

动名词的时态:

动名词的一般时 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。

I enjoy swimming in the big

我喜欢在大河里游泳。

I am used to watching TV in the

我习惯于晚上看电视。

动名词的完成时 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。

She regret not having studied the computer

她后悔没有努力学习计算机。

Do you remember having promised me that?

你记得给我许愿了吗?

动名词的被动形式 :

当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时,用动名词的被动形式来表示。

His being looked down upon made him

他被人冷落使他很伤感。

I can't really stand being treated like

我简直受不了这样的对待。

动名词的几个特殊情况:

1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语,有些动词能跟不定式,有些两者都可以, 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。

能跟动名词的动词有:

avoid,consider, delay4, deny5, dislike, endure6, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist7, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的动词有:

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake8, want, wish, agree, manage,

能跟动名词和不定式的动词有:

love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose9, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve10, start,

动词后面跟动名词还是不定式,含义不相同,总的来说,表示习惯的, 一般性的动作多跟动名词,一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。

I like to go with

我想和你一块儿去。

I like

我喜欢阅读。

He promised to help

他答应过要帮助她。

We love watching

我们喜欢看VCD。

2) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时,动名词表示过去的动作, 后面跟不定式时,不定式表示将来的动作。

I remember meeting him in the

我记得在街上见过他。

I remember to write a letter to my

我想起来要给我父母亲写信。

3) "stop + 动名词"表示停止动名词所表示的动作, "stop + 不定式"表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。

Stop smoking,

请不要抽烟 。

Let's stop to have a

咱们停下来休息一下吧。

4) 动名词和分词的区别:

动名词作定语时,动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系,而分词作定语时, 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。

reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕

developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕

boiled water 开水 〔分词〕
 



非谓语动词语法 第5篇

须用省去to 的不定式(do)作宾补的11个动词。

五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)

两听(hear、listen to)

三使(make、let、have)

一感觉(feel)

根据谐音记忆法,我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。

I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house

昨天,我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。

注意:以上11个动词,也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补,但在时间和语态上会有变化,我们以see为例来区分一下。

see do 看到某人做了某事

see doing 看到某人正在做某事

see done 看到某人/某物被

I see him make the phone 我看到他打了电话。(他打电话的整个动作我都看见了)

I see him making a phone 我看到他正在打电话。(强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.)

We often see him surrounded by much 我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.

只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词

want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse

只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词

practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit

既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词

remember to do 记住要做某事(未做)

remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)

forget to do 忘记去做某事(未做)

forget doing 忘记做过某事(已做)

regret to do 遗憾要做某事(未做)

regret doing 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)

try to do 努力做某事

try doing 尝试做某事

mean to do 计划做某事

mean doing 意味着做某事

can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事

go on to do 继续做另一件事

go on doing 继续做同一件事

stop to do 停下来去做另一件事

stop doing 停下正在做的事情

所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语,如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。

非谓语动词语法 第6篇

①基本形式:doing (表示主动)

②被动式:being done(表示被动)

③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)

④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)

Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the 在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。

I have no idea of his having done such a thing against 我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。

Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that 很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。