安徽泗县一中 吴安运
◎文体概述
求助信应开门见山，直截了当地把你遇到的难题或者困惑告诉对方，并向对方求助。一般可以分为三个步骤进行写作：
第一步，询问对方情况，说明写信目的；第二步，说明困难，请求对方帮忙；第三步，表达期盼之情。此外，写求助信时应注意：
1.正确把握时态，保证语言的准确性。
写英文求助信的原因就是因为目前自己在某一方面存在困难，因此时态应用一般现在时，当然，描绘自己得到帮助后的进步时，时态应用一般将来时。同学们一定要牢记求助信的这些时态特点，并增强错误防范意识，养成错误防范习惯，确保语言的准确性。
2.熟悉常用句型，提高文章整体美感。
写英文求助信时应首先做自我介绍，此时可用My name is...， I'm writing to you for some help或I'm writing a letter to you to get some help句型。接着可简要说明自己所面临的困难，此时可用I have met much difficulty in...句型。请求对方做某事时可用Would you like to...，so that...In the meanwhile/At the same time,I beg you to...，so that...Also,I would like you to...等句型。展望自己获得帮助后的进步时可用I'm sure with your help I can make greatprogress句型。这些句型不但使用频率高，而且语气委婉，态度谦恭，符合求助信的语言特点。
3.贴切使用过渡性词汇，提高文章逻辑性。
列举自己所碰到的困难时可用first、besides、what's more等过渡性词汇。请求对方提供一系列帮助时可用in the meanwhile、at the same time、in addition、also等过渡性词汇。这些过渡性词汇是英文求助信中富有特色的过渡性词汇，应增强使用意识，养成使用习惯。
4.适当使用高级表达方式，提高文章表达的档次。
写英文求助信时除使用常规高级词句之外，还可重点考虑几处高级表达方式。表达“面临巨大困难，所以只好求助”时，可用现在分词做状语的句型，如Facing so much difficulty,I have to ask you for some help。也可使用过去分词做状语的句型，如Faced with so much difficulty,I have to ask for your help。表达请求对方帮助以便自己能够有所进步时，可使用so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句。这个句型非常好，有很大的表达容量，它既可表达求助内容，又能表达对方实施帮助后的作用，可谓一举两得。但必须注意的是，仅仅懂得这一点还不够，同学们一定要下定决心，强化意识，把这一句型用到实际写作中去。
◎写作模板
Dear______,My name is ;I'm writing to ask whether you could do me a favor.(说明自己身份，交代写信目的).I have had much difficulty/trouble in (交代自己所面临的困难).Besides,I'm very upset that (提出令自己苦恼的问题).What's more,I don't know (进一步说明自己的困境).Would you like to be so kind as to so that (请求对方帮助)In the meantime/At the same time,I beg you to so that (再次请求对方的帮助).I'd appreciate it if you could lend me a hand(表达得到对方帮助后的感激).I'm looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua→点明身份并直接说明写求助信的目的。→说明自己存在的困难、困惑并请求对方的帮助。言辞一定要礼貌得体。→情真意切地表达期盼之情。
模板范文
Dear Peter,
How is everything going?I have been in America for two months,but faced with a lot of difficulties in life and study.I'm writing to ask whether you could do me a favor.
To begin with,I can't adapt to the Western diet.So I feel homesick and lonely.To make matters worse,I still find it difficult tofollow the native speakers though I have been exposed to English for ten years.Besides,I'm afraid toanswer questions in class for lack of confidence.I wonder how to deal with the problems.
I would appreciate it if you could be so kind as to give me some useful tips.Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
◎经典句型
篇首句：点明身份并直接说明写求助信的目的。
1.My name is Li Hua and I'm writing this letter to seek your help.我是李华，我写信是想寻求您的帮助。
2.I am a middle school student and I am writing to tell you my problem which has troubled me.我是一名中学生。我写信是想告诉您一个困扰我的问题。
3.I'm writing to you to ask whether you could do me a favor.我写信给您是想问您是否可以帮助我。
4.I have some difficulties in doing...which bothers me a lot.So I have no choice but to turn to you for help.我在做……方面有困难，这很困扰我。所以我别无选择只能向您求助。
篇中句：说明自己存在的困难、困惑并请求对方的帮助。
1.I can't concentrate on my lessons these days,and I failed in the last exam,which worries me a lot.这些日子我不能专心学习，上次考试我没有及格，这使我很担忧。
2.I often feel left out in this school,and I don't know how it has come about.在这所学校我经常感到受到被冷落，我不知道这是怎么回事。
3.I seem not to be able to fit in well with others here.在这儿我似乎不能与他人融洽相处。
4.I don't feel quite accustomed to the life here.我觉得我没有完全习惯这儿的生活。
5.I long to learn English well,but I don't know how,which makes me upset.我渴望学好英语，但我不知道怎么学，这使我很烦恼。
篇尾句：表达期盼之情。
1.I wonder if you could do me a favor?我想知道您是否可以帮我个忙?
2.I am wondering whether you could...我想知道您是否能够……
3.I would be very grateful if you could...如果您能……，我将感激不尽。
4.I would appreciate it if you could offer me a hand.如果您能帮助我，我将感激不尽。
5.Facing/Faced with so many difficulties.I have to turn to you for help.面对如此多的问题，我不得不向您求助。
6.I'm eager to get your timely help./I'm eager for your timely help.我渴望得到您及时的帮助。
7.I will be very grateful if you could help me.../I would appreciate it if you could do me a favor...如果您能帮助我……我会非常感激。
8.I'd appreciate it if you could take my request into consideration/account.如果您能考虑我的请求，我将不胜感激。
9.I would be grateful if you could give me a hand.如果您能帮我，我将十分感激。
10.Now I wonder whether I could ask you a favor?现在不知道我是否可以请您帮个忙？
11.I can't wait to see you again！我迫不及待再次见到您！
12.Thanks for your kind consideration and I'm look forward to receiving your earliest reply.谢谢您的体谅，期待尽早收到您的回复。
◎高考典例（2016·全国乙卷）
假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司做兼职，并且你已写好了申请信和个人简历(résumé)。 请给你的外教Ms Jenkins写一封求助信，请她帮助你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。注意：
1.词数100左右。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【试题解读】
1.审题立意
此书面表达写作内容是要求请外教帮忙修改申请信和个人简历的文字及格式。利用此话题加强学生英语交际能力的培养，较好地体现了“语境生活化、任务真实性、行为个性化”的设计思想。情节更加贴近考生的生活，让每位考生在落笔的时候都能够有真实的体会。命题的开放性无形中提高了写作要求，即考生不仅要在认真审题的基础上适当拓展，还需要把握书信的结构和行文的语气。从题材上看，写作任务有一定的真实性，给学生自主发挥的空间比较大，利于学生展示其语言运用能力。在对语言知识与语言技能的考查中，突显了英语高考试题的综合性、文化性、实用性、社会性、新颖性，也体现了新课改的趋势和要求。
2.写作要点
⑴暑假想去一家外贸公司做兼职；
⑵已写好申请书和个人简历(résumé)；
⑶给外教Ms Jenkins写一封求助信；
⑷请她帮助你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)；
⑸注意书信格式。
3.注意事项
⑴写作过程中要抓住要点提示，做到不遗漏、不重复，并注意保持书信语言的简洁性和精练性。
⑵写作时要注意书信的格式。以一般现在时为基本时态，以第一人称为主体人称。
⑶表达时应综合运用所掌握的知识，克服母语的干扰，按照英语的习惯方式，用地道的英语表达出来，力求做到语言准确无误。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词和句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型为文章润色。
【佳作赏析1】
Dear Ms Jenkins,
I'm Li Hua from Guangming High School.Last year you visited our school and gave us an instructive English writing class.①This year I'm going to look for a part-time job at a foreign trade company during the summer holiday to earn the college tuition by myself.②I have just finished my application letter and résumé,however,I am not sure about the language and the format I've used.③I am sorry that I have to ask a favour of you,with the hope that you can spare some time to revise them.④I know you are very busy,but I would appreciate so much if you would like to.⑤My application letter and résumé are in the attachment in the email sent to you the other day.⑥
Thank you for your kind help.
Yours,
Li Hua
亮点分析：文章要点完整、思路清晰、选词准确、句式灵活，过渡词运用恰当，多处使用定语从句，同位句语从句，提升了文章的档次。展示了作者广泛的涉猎和老道的文笔。文章用简洁、明快的语言涵盖了考题中的全部要点。tuition、with the hope that等多个高级词汇的运用让整篇文章文采斐然。
①两个并列结构表明曾与外教Ms Jenkins有过接触，为后文寻求帮助做铺垫，语言简练。
②to earn the college tuition by myself意思为“勤工俭学”，其中tuition属于高级词汇。本句明确表明了作者今年暑假去外贸公司兼职的目的。
③连词however表示转折，在此处引出下文not sure about the language and the format I've used，让人耳目一新。
④with the hope that属于高级结构，that引导一个同位语从句，起到言简意赅的效果。
【小贴士】ask a favour of sb意思为 “寻求某人的帮助”；近义短语有turn to sb for help。
⑤这是一个典型表述请求的英语常用句型，副词but的使用，使句意表达的更加准确，既表明外教工作繁忙，又表示自己的谦虚，达到画龙点睛之效。
⑥sent to you the other day是过去分词短语作定语，修饰前面的email。
【佳作赏析2】
Dear Ms Jenkins,
My name is Li Hua,a middle school student from Anhui Province.In 2015,our school invited you to our school to give a lecture about the English writing.①This summer I will graduate from the high school.②During the summer holiday,I plan to look for a job at a foreign trade company or enterprise in order to do some part-time jobs to save money for my college study.③I have just completed my application letter and résumé， I am uncertain of the lan-guage and the format I've written.④I'd be very grateful if you could spare some time to revise them and make so me necessary changes.⑤Yesterday I sent my application letter and résumé in the attachment to you by email.⑥
Many thanks for your help！
Yours,
Li Hua
亮点分析：作者审题认真，用简洁、明快的语言涵盖了考题中的全部要点，为成功地写作打下了良好的基础。全文结构严谨、过渡自然、语言运用富于变化，内容不仅入情入理，结构也层次分明、错落有致，显得娴熟老练。此外，作者还非常自然地使用了定语从句等手法，使一句话传达了非常丰富的信息，张弛有度，特别是I'd be very grateful if...一句的使用，使自己所要传达的信息更生动，更是让文章锦上添花。
①作者想象力丰富，情节设计合理可信。
②graduate from the high school是英语中较地道的表达，表明作者为什么会去勤工俭学的原因，语言地道规范。
③此句较长，信息量丰富，再加上高级词汇enterprise的使用，增加了语言的表达气势。
④I've written是个定语从句，修饰先行词the language and the format，省略了关系代词which或that。
⑤句型I'd be very grateful if...陈述感谢，语言表达有理、有力。高级词汇be grateful的使用更使文章锦上添花，增强了语言的表达效果，
⑥application letter，résumé和attachment属于较高级的词汇，语意表达准确。
【参考范文】
Dear Ms Jenkins,
I'm Li Hua from your English writing class last term.I'm writing to ask you for help.I'm applying for a part-time job at a foreign trade company in my city during the summer vacation,and I have just completed my application letter and résumé.However,I am not quite sure of the language and the format I've used.I know you have a very busy schedule,but I'd be very grateful if you could take some time to go through them and make some necessary changes.Please find my application letter and résumé in the attachment.
Thank you for your kindness！
Yours,
Li Hua
◎小试牛刀
假定你是李华，计划暑假期间到英国诺丁汉大学（University of Nottingham）学习英语，为期三个月。学习期间想找一份兼职工作。请给你的英国朋友Anna写一封求助信。要点如下：
1.你的学习安排；2.做兼职的原因；
3.可胜任的工作（餐厅服务员、儿童汉语教师……）注意：
1.词数：100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
