浙江宁波鄞州高级中学 程海波

桑巴是源于巴西巴伊亚的一种舞蹈和音乐类型。它最早源于非洲土着居民带有宗教仪式性的舞蹈，通过被贩卖到巴西的黑人奴隶带到巴西，再与流传至当地的其他文化混合，渐渐演变成今日的桑巴。桑巴现已被公认为巴西和巴西狂欢节的象征，是最大众化的巴西文化表达形式之一。

Originated in Bahia，but developed in Rio de Janeiro between the end of the 19th century and the first years of the 20th century，the samba is still one of the most popular styles of Brazil.From intimate （私密的） samba songs sung in bars toexplosivedrum parades performed during carnival，samba always evokes a warm and excited mood （心情）.In the 1930s， a group of musicians led by Ismael Silva founded the first samba school.They changed the musical genre（流派）to make it fit better the carnival parade.In this decade，the radio spread the genre'spopularityall around the country， making samba become Brazil's “official music.”

In the following years， samba has developed in severaldirections， from the gentle sambacanεo to the drum orchestras which make the soundtrack of carnival parade.One of these new styles was bossa nova（波萨诺瓦舞），a musical movement first spearheaded by young musicians and college students from Rio de Janeiro.It gotincreasinglypopular over time，with the works of Joo Gilberto and Antonio Carlos Jobim.In the sixties， Brazil was politically divided， and the leftist musicians of bossa nova started to draw attention to the music made in the favelas （贫民窟）.Many popular artists were discovered at this time.

In the beginning of the eighties，after being sent to the underground due to styles like disco and Brazilian rock，samba reappeared in the media with a musical movement created in thesuburbs（郊区）of Rio de Janeiro.Therefore， various samba schools have been founded throughout Brazil.A samba schoolcombinesthe dancing and party fun of a night club with the gathering place of a social club and the community feeling of a volunteer group.During the spectacular Rio Carnival famous samba schools parade in the Sambódromo.

Reading Check

1.What does the underlined word “evoke” most probably mean?

A.Attract. B.Cause.

C.Lack. D.Decrease.

2.What does the passage mainly tell us?

A.The development of samba over time.

B.The reason of samba's popularity.

C.The first samba school in Brazil.

D.The music made in the favelas.

Language Study

Vocabulary

1.explosive adj.爆炸的；火爆的

2.popularity n.流行

3.direction n.方向

4.increasingly adv.逐渐地

5.underground n.地下

6.combine vt.结合

Difficult sentence

In the beginning of the eighties，after______（send） to the underground due to styles like disco and Brazilian rock，samba reappeared in the media with a musical movement_____（create）in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro.

20世纪80年代初，由于迪斯科和巴西摇滚等风格的原因，桑巴被压倒，但是里约热内卢郊区发起的一场音乐运动使桑巴再次出现在媒体上。

【点石成金】此处的after是介词，后接动词时要用-ing形式。需要注意的是，所填的词和句子的主语samba有逻辑上的动宾关系。第二个空所填的词是非谓语动词形式，在此处作定语修饰movement，注意它们之间的逻辑关系。