江苏河海大学 李劲松

海词积累

1.hideous（Para.1）adj.令人厌恶的；非常可怕的

His family was subjected to a hideous attack by the gang.他一家子遭到了匪帮的可怕袭击。

2.chore（Para.1）n.日常事务；令人厌烦的任务

This is something of a chore and is quite easy to forget to do.这种事情有点繁杂，而且很容易忘记做。

3.scooter（Para.1）n.小型摩托车

On thescooterwe sang some of the old songs.在摩托车上，我们唱起了老歌。

4.slalom（Para.1）v.进行障碍滑雪赛；曲折前进

She drove with reckless speed，slalomingin and out of the stalled cars.她发疯似的开车，在抛锚的车辆间绕进绕出。

5.ingredient（Para.2）n.成分；要素；因素

Investment in new product development is an essential ingredient of corporate success.注入资金开发新产品是公司成功的必要因素。6.offshoot（Para.2）n.（组织等的）分支；分支机构

The company was originally anoffshootof Bell Telephone.该公司原本是贝尔电话公司的一家分支机构。

7.revenue（Para.3）n.（公司、机构的）收益；收入

Strikes have cost£20 million in lostrevenues.罢工造成的损失达2，000万英镑。8.slaughter（Para.4）v.屠宰（动物）

Lack of chicken feed means that chicken farms are having to slaughter their stock.饲料不足意味着养鸡场将不得不宰杀鸡。

9.jollity（Para.4）n.欢乐；欢闹

a night of riotous jollity狂欢的夜晚

10.expat（Para.5）（short for expatriate）n. 居住在国外的人；侨民

Britishexpatsliving in Spain生活在西班牙的英国侨民11.vend（Para.5）v.售卖

I believe that those whovendthese computing systems and sell about 20 to 30 a year will find that the cloud becomes a new and more lucrative channel.我相信，对那些每年推销20至30套数据处理系统的人来说，云计算将成为更具营利性的经营途径。

12.equivalent（Para.6）adj.等同的；等值的

a qualification which isequivalentto a degree相当于学位的资历

African cities are tasty markets for fooddelivery apps.The continent has 21 of the world's 30 fastest-growing urban areas，where an expanding middle class boasts smartphones and spare cash.These cities also havehideoustraffic，so it's achoreto drive a car to a restaurant.But deliveryscooterscanslalomthrough jams.

These were theingredientsthat made possible the rise of several food-deliverystart-upsin Africa.Jumia Food delivers meals to urban dwellers in 11 countries.In South Africa Mr D Foodcompetes withUber Eats，anoffshootof the Americanride-hailingapp.Tupuca has been bringing meals to residents of Angola's capital， Luanda， since 2016.

Like its peers Tupuca began by connecting hungry users with restaurants.Delivering prepared food stillaccounts formost of itsrevenue.The firm's 140 drivers make 17，000 deliveries a month for consumers who spend an average of$40 per order.Since October，however，users of the Tupuca app have begun to see other options alongside pizzas，burgers andsushi.They can buy coal， petrol， fruit and vegetables.Or they can purchase live animals，such as chickens （$7 for a big clucker， $5 for a middling one）， pigs （$124 and$103） or goats （$82 and$64）.

①To offer these animals，Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online，a start-up named after Mercado Roque Santeiro，a huge，open-air informal market in Luanda that was closed by the nanny state（保姆式国家）in2011.②Roque Online employs an army of runners whotrack downthe best produce.③They buy the goat， say， take it to a driver and， before too long， the animal is on its way to a party （where it will beslaughteredamid greatjollity）.

Erickson Mvezi， Tupuca's CEO， says the new feature is“breaking down barriers between informal and formal markets”.Luanda has asizeablemiddle class，plus plenty ofexpatsand a richelite.But it also has millions of poor people living inslumswedgedbetweenskyscrapers.More than a third of households have at least one person living by informal vending.Through Tupuca and Roque Online they can sell to more people.

In the West many peoplefretthat thegigeconomy encourages insecure work.But in sub-Saharan Africa，where the informal economy isequivalentto more than a third of GDP，about twice that in rich countries.By opening bigger markets for vendors，technology may help them grow richer，one goat at a time.No kidding.

——From The Economist

文本探究

探究视角1：语篇分析

本文是一篇说明文。非洲城市中产阶级不断扩大，使得外卖行业的创业公司不断崛起。其中图普卡软件已经开始为用户提供配送熟食以外的服务，客户甚至可以下单买活的动物，外卖员骑着轻便小车可以顺利穿行送货。新的技术打开了更大的市场，这种零工对富人和穷人都有好处，促进了非洲经济的发展。

篇章结构梳理：

典型段落段内结构分析：

Para.4

句子序号 句义概括 句间关系① Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online. 段落主旨句② Roque Online tracks down the best produce. 主要措施③ The animal is sent to the consumer by the driver. 例证的细节

探究视角2：语言学习

Ⅰ.热词积累

词汇复现01 start-up品句会意/stɑːtʌp/n.初创企业Thousands and thousands of start-ups have poured into the computer market.成千上万家新成立的公司涌入了电脑市场。

词汇复现 品句会意02 ride-hailing/raɪdheɪlɪŋ /n.打车服务Since new regulations on ride-hailing services have come into force across China,drivers have been applying for the accreditation examination.自从网约车服务的新规定在中国生效起，网约车司机已经在申请认证考试。03 sushi /'suːʃi/n.寿司a sushi bar寿司店04 sizeable /'saɪzəbl/adj.相当大的a sizeable amount of money数目可观的一笔钱05/eɪ'liːt/n.(社会)精英；上层人士In these countries,only the elite can afford an education for their children.在这些国家里，只有上层人士才供得起子女上学。elite 06 slum /slʌm/n.（城市中的）贫民窟；贫民区She was brought up in the slums of Leeds.她是在利兹的贫民区长大的。07 wedge /wedʒ/v.把……挤入The phone was wedged under his chin.电话夹在他下巴下面。08 skyscraper/'skaɪskreɪpə（r）/n.摩天大楼The skyscraper towers into the clouds.那幢摩天大楼高耸入云。09 fret /fret/v.苦恼；焦虑不安She's always fretting about the children.她老是为孩子发愁。10 gig /ɡɪɡ/n.（尤指临时的）工作；零工a gig as a basketball coach临时篮球教练11 compete with They found themselves competing with foreign companies for a share of the market.他们发现自己在与外国公司争夺市场份额。12 account for占（一定数量或比例）Afro-Americans account for 12%of the US population.非裔美国人占美国人口的12%。13 team up with合作；（与某人）结成一队You can team up with one other class member if you want.如果你愿意的话，可以找一个同学组成一组。14 track down追踪到；追查到I finally managed to track down the book you wanted in a shop near the station.我终于在车站附近的一家店里找到了你想要的那本书。

Ⅱ.词汇拓展

一、近义词

1.zigzag v.作之字形行进；曲折进行（n.之字形；锯齿纹）

slalom v.进行障碍滑雪赛；曲折前进（n.障碍滑雪赛）

e.g.The path zigzagged down the hillside.小路沿着山坡蜿蜒而下。

e.g.Once， before any of us kids had a license， we spent an entire afternoon piloting someone's old car in reverse，trying to slalom between the trees in a field.一次，我们这帮小孩都还没拿到驾照的时候，我们用人家的老轿车倒了一整个下午车，试着在一片田野的树木间穿来穿去。

2.chore n.日常事务；令人厌烦的任务

errand n.差事；跑腿

e.g.Shopping is a real chore for me.对我来说，购物真是件苦差。

e.g.He often runs errands for his grandmother.他经常给他的祖母跑腿儿。

二、形近词

revenue n.（公司、机构的）收益；收入revenge n.报复；报仇

e.g.advertising revenue广告收入

e.g.She wanted revenge for the insult.她想报受辱之仇。

三、词的发音

一个词同时是名词和动词:凡是两个音节的，名词（往往是抽象名词）重音都在第一音节，动词重音都在第二音节。

e.g.conduct n./'kɒndʌkt/举止；行为

v./kən'dʌkt/执行；组织

produce n./'prɒdjuːs/农产品

v./prə'djuːs/引起；生产

凡是三个音节以上的抽象名词重音都在倒数第二个音节。

e.g.comprehension/,kɒmprɪ'henʃn/n.理解力

derivation/derɪ'veɪʃn/n.起源；由来

如果不是抽象名词，则重音不一定在倒数第二个音节。

e.g.derivative/dɪ'rɪvətɪv/n.派生物；衍生品；派生词

Ⅲ.难句分析

1.To offer these animals， Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online， a start-up named after Mercado Roque Santeiro， a huge， open-air informal market in Luanda that was closed by the nanny state in 2011.

句子主干是 “Tupuca has teamed up with Roque Online.”,To offer these animals是不定式表目的，a startup是Roque Online的同位语;named after Mercado Roque Santeiro是过去分词作后置定语， 修饰a start-up；a huge，open-air informal market in Luanda是Mercado Roque Santeiro的同位语，that was closed by the nanny state in 2011是定语从句，修饰market。从这个例句可以看出，英文句子中往往用同位语来解释一个东西，而不全用定语从句，更不常用一个简单句跟在句子后面解释。

2.More than a third of households have at least one person living by informal vending.

句子主干是 “More than a third of households have at least one person.”，living by informal vending是现在分词作后置定语，修饰one person。household指一个家庭，同住一所房子的人，也可指家务;还可作形容词，指家喻户晓的。

e.g.Today，fashion designers are household names.如今，时装设计师们家喻户晓。

探究视角3：文化拓展

“非洲巴西”——安哥拉

安哥拉共和国，简称安哥拉，位于非洲西南部，首都罗安达，西滨大西洋，北及东北邻刚果民主共和国，南邻纳米比亚，东南邻赞比亚，另有一块外飞地（指某国家拥有一块与本国分离开来的领土，该领土被其他国家包围，则该领土称为某国的外飞地）卡宾达省与刚果共和国、刚果民主共和国相邻。

安哥拉经济以农业和矿产为主，也有炼油工业，主要分布于卡宾达的滨海地带。食品加工、造纸、水泥及纺织等工业也比较成熟。安哥拉的经济潜力非常高，它很有潜力成为将来非洲最富裕的一个国家。作为葡萄牙曾经的属地，其有“非洲的巴西”之称。安哥拉国力因石油生产而快速成长。该国地大物博，国土富饶，未开发的资源十分丰富，沿岸共蕴藏了超过131亿桶的石油，内陆也有钻石出产。随着非洲中产阶层人数不断壮大，非洲零售业的供需关系正在发生变化。非洲开发银行数据显示，撒哈拉以南非洲地区中产阶层人数已增至约3.5亿人，其中南非、肯尼亚、加纳和安哥拉的中产阶层人数最多。安哥拉兔（Angora）是世界着名的毛用型兔品种，长毛兔的一种，其毛发浓密细长。

参考译文

安哥拉一款能送活羊上门的外卖软件

非洲城市是外卖软件发展的一片沃土。世界上发展最快的30个城市中，有21个在这块大陆上。这些城市带动中产阶级不断扩大，智能手机飞速普及，人们手里的闲钱也越来越多。但与此同时，市区交通拥堵严重，不大容易开车去餐馆，但外卖员骑着轻便小车可以顺利穿行。

正是这些因素使得外卖行业的创业公司能在非洲崛起。俊雅食品公司为11个国家的城市居民配送外卖。在南非，D先生食品甚至能与优步（美国叫车软件）旗下的优食相比肩。自2016年以来，图普卡一直为安哥拉首都罗安达的居民配送食物。

像他的同行一样，图普卡也是开餐馆来吸引饥饿的顾客，配送外卖仍然是它的主要收入来源。该公司的140名司机每月为消费者送货1.7万件，平均每个订单40美元。不过，自去年10月以来，图普卡软件已经开始为用户提供比萨、汉堡和寿司以外的服务。他们可以买煤、汽油、水果和蔬菜，也可以购买活的动物，例如鸡（大只的7美元，中等的5美元）、猪（124美元，103美元）或山羊（82美元，64美元）。

为了购进这些活物，图普卡与洛克在线合作。洛克在线是以罗安达的洛克·桑塔若集市命名的创业公司。这是一个巨大的非正规露天市场，2011年被安哥拉这个保姆式的国家关闭了。洛克在线雇用了一群人追踪质量最好的农产品。比如说，他们买羊以后交给一个司机，不久以后，这只羊就被送去聚餐的饭桌上了（人是喜气洋洋，羊则呜呜待宰）。

图普卡首席执行官埃里克森·姆韦兹表示，公司推出的这项新功能“打破了非正式和正式市场之间的壁垒”。罗安达有庞大的中产阶级，外加大量外籍人士和富裕的精英阶层，但它也有数百万穷人住在摩天大楼间的贫民窟里。超过三分之一的家庭中，至少有一人靠非正式的售货渠道生活。通过图普卡和洛克在线，他们可以吸引更多的顾客。

在西方，许多人担心打零工会让部分人的工作更不稳定。但是在撒哈拉以南的非洲地区，非正规经济占国内生产总值的三分之一以上，大约是富裕国家的两倍。技术为供应商打开了更大的市场，让他们更富有。一次一只羊，不带玩笑的。